New Delhi: India is witnessing a sharp rise in swine flu (H1N1) cases, with government data reporting 20,414 infections and  347 deaths as of last December. 

“The government is keeping a close watch on the rising influenza cases and monitoring the trend through its integrated Disease Surveillance Programme,” an official told the media.

Swine flu is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the H1N1 virus, which originated in pigs. It gained global attention during the 2009 pandemic, infecting millions worldwide. Unlike other flu strains, H1N1 can reach deeper into the lungs, leading to severe respiratory complications and a higher risk of pneumonia.

Delhi records highest swine flu cases

Among the states, Delhi has emerged as the worst affected, reporting 3,141 cases. Kerala follows closely with 2,846 cases, while Maharashtra has recorded 2,027 infections. Other states experiencing a surge include Gujarat (1,711 cases), Tamil Nadu (1,777 cases), and Rajasthan (1,149 cases). With seasonal changes creating a favourable environment for the virus, experts warn that the number of cases is expected to rise further in the coming weeks.

Maharashtra reports most swine flu deaths

Maharashtra has recorded 71 deaths, highest in the country. Kerala follows with 61 deaths, Gujarat with 55, Punjab with 48, Chhattisgarh with 43, and Haryana with 26. The data on cases and deaths from influenza A are based on reports received from the states and the Union Territories.

‘Swine flu a seasonal illness’

Dr Amit Gupta, Senior Neonatologist & Paediatrician at Motherhood Hospitals in Delhi NCR, explained that flu is a seasonal illness, typically peaking between January and March and again during the monsoon months of August to October. 

"Flu cases are rising not just in Delhi and NCR but in many other states. The predominant strain we are seeing is H1N1, though H3N2 cases are also present," Dr Gupta said, adding that symptoms usually include high-grade fever, body aches, malaise, and fatigue, lasting for about three to five days. "Sudden weather changes, temperature variations, and exposure to cold foods like ice cream can contribute to this increase in cases."

Prevention, according to Dr Gupta, remains the key. "Simple measures like hand sanitization, wearing masks, maintaining good hygiene, and covering your mouth while sneezing can help reduce transmission," he said. 

Dr Gupta, also emphasized the importance of flu vaccination, especially for high-risk groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

"Studies have shown that the flu vaccine can prevent about 60–80% of infections and reduce hospitalization rates by nearly 50–60%," he noted. "I always advise parents to ensure their children, particularly those under four years of age or those with asthma or heart disease, get their flu shot annually."

Dr Gupta reassured that most flu cases can be managed with rest, hydration, a nutritious diet, and over-the-counter medications like paracetamol. However, he advised seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that seasonal influenza affects nearly one billion people annually, with 3–5 million cases classified as severe. The virus is responsible for 290,000 to 650,000 deaths each year due to respiratory complications. 

Also read: Influenza vaccines are a lifesaver against severe flu, says WHO expert - First Check