Experiencing depression during midlife, particularly in one’s 40s, may increase the risk of developing dementia in later years, a new study published in the medical journal eClinicalMedicine, a part of The Lancet, has found. 

Conducted by researchers from the Institute of Mental Health and School of Medicine at the University of Nottingham, the University of Adelaide, and the Dementia Centre of Excellence at Curtin University in Australia, the study analyzed health data from thousands of individuals, tracking depression diagnoses in their 40s and 50s and subsequent dementia diagnoses over time. 

The results indicate that those with midlife depression were significantly more likely to develop dementia compared to those without. The study points to potential biological mechanisms, such as chronic inflammation or changes in brain structure, as well as lifestyle factors like reduced social engagement, that may explain the connection.

The authors explain that depression doesn’t just affect your mental health; it may also hurt your brain in the long run. 

Dementia, a progressive disorder

Dementia is a progressive disorder that impairs memory, cognitive functions, and the ability to perform daily activities. It causes brain atrophy, leading to memory loss, confusion, and difficulties with communication and reasoning.

Primarily affecting older adults, it worsens over time, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent form. Over 57 million people worldwide live with dementia, and no cure currently exists. Reducing risk factors, such as managing depression, may help safeguard brain health.

Studies suggest a connection between depression and dementia, potentially due to alterations in brain structure, blood vessels, hormones, or genetic factors. Changes in brain function may also contribute to this link.

Existing research indicates that depression heightens the risk of developing dementia. This study reviewed previous research and incorporated new data to explore whether the timing of depression (occurring in midlife or later life) affects dementia risk. 

The results revealed that depression at both stages increases the likelihood of dementia, though late-life depression may also signal the early onset of dementia. The findings emphasize that healthcare providers should prioritize treating depression, not only to improve current mental health but also to safeguard long-term brain health.

Also read: Does Biological Age Increase Dementia Risk? Study Finds Out