World No Tobacco Day: 7 evidence-based facts about tobacco use

It’s high time we de-normalise tobacco use, given the massive price we are paying in terms of poor public health, high economic cost, and detrimental environmental effects.

Tobacco addiction remains a formidable public health crisis globally, claiming an estimated eight million lives each year, including 1.3 million non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke. Despite growing awareness of its devastating consequences, millions struggle to break free from tobacco’s grip.

This World Tobacco Day, First Check presents seven evidence-based facts about tobacco use:

#1 Nicotine addiction

At the core of tobacco addiction lies nicotine, a highly addictive substance that hijacks the brain’s reward system. The potent chemical triggers the release of dopamine, fostering physical and psychological dependence, similar to that of cocaine or heroin. Any attempt to quit gives way to a host of withdrawal symptoms – intense cravings, irritability, mood swings, and more – and this makes quitting tobacco difficult, without appropriate support.

#2 Cancer risk

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for various types of cancer, including lung, oral, and oesophageal cancer. The carcinogens present in tobacco smoke damage DNA, leading to the development of malignant tumours. Research confirms the strong link between tobacco use and cancer incidence, emphasising the need for smoking cessation to reduce cancer risk.

#3 Cardiovascular diseases

Smoking is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke. The toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke damage blood vessels, increase blood pressure, and promote the formation of arterial plaques.

#4 Respiratory ailments

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are common respiratory conditions associated with long-term smoking. The harmful substances in tobacco smoke cause inflammation and damage to the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced lung function.

#5 Second-hand smoke

Exposure to second-hand smoke poses serious health risks, particularly to non-smokers. Research highlights the adverse effects of second-hand smoke on cardiovascular and respiratory health. This emphasises the need for smoke-free environments to safeguard public health.

#6 Mental Health

The relationship between smoking and mental health is complex. Mental illness makes people twice as likely to use tobacco and, at the same time, tobacco makes people more vulnerable to mental health concerns. Studies find that tobacco use increases incidence of depression, anxiety, and stress.

#7 Environmental impact

The environmental footprint of tobacco cultivation and production is substantial, contributing to rampant deforestation, soil degradation, and increased greenhouse gas emissions.

It’s high time we de-normalise tobacco use, given the massive price we are paying in terms of poor public health, high economic cost, and detrimental environmental effects. Let’s empower individuals with evidence-based tools so that we can forge the path towards a tobacco-free future – safeguarding millions of lives, protecting families, and promoting overall well-being for generations to come.